2018/5/9 16:16:00
医学翻译告诉你什么是正确的减肥方法
The endless array of diets that claim to help you shed pounds tend to fall into two camps: low fat or low carbohydrate.
A rigorous recent study sought to settle the debate, and it had results to disappoint both camps.
最近，一项严谨的研究试图解决这场争论。
The study is worth a closer look to see what it did and did not prove.
这项研究值得我们去细究它证明了什么，没有证明什么。
Everyone was followed for a year (which is an eternity for a nutrition study). Everyone was encouraged to maximize vegetable intake; to minimize added sugar, refined flour and trans fat intake; and to focus on whole foods that were minimally processed. The subjects were also encouraged to cook at home as much as possible.
每个实验对象都被追踪了一年（这对营养学研究来说这是很长一段时间）。所有人都被鼓励尽量多摄入蔬菜，少摄入添加糖、精制面粉和反式脂肪酸，并重点食用简单加工的全天然食物。实验对象还被鼓励尽可能在家做饭。
This was a phenomenally well-designed trial.
People did change their diets according to their group assignment. Those in the low-fat group consumed, on average, 29 percent of their calories from fats, versus 45 percent in the low-carbohydrate group. Those in the low-carbohydrate group consumed 30 percent of their calories from carbohydrates, versus 48 percent in the low-fat group.
人们的确会根据分组改变自己的饮食。低脂组的人消耗的热量平均29%来自脂肪，低碳水组的人45%的热量来自脂肪。低碳水组消耗的热量30%来自碳水化合物，低脂组48%的热量来自碳水化合物。
They did not, however, lose meaningfully different amounts of weight. At 12 months, the low-carbohydrate group had lost, on average, just over 13 pounds, compared with more than 11.5 pounds in the low-fat group. The difference was not statistically significant.
然而，他们的体重减少并没有什么实质性的不同。在12个月时，低碳水组平均只减了13磅多一点，对比低脂组减少了超过11.5磅。该差异没有统计学意义。
Some have taken this study to prove that avoiding processed foods, eating more whole foods, and cooking at home leads to weight loss. While I’d like that to be true — I have advocated this healthful approach in my Upshot article on food recommendations and in a recent book — that’s not what this study showed. Although that advice was given to all participants, there was no control group in which that advice was omitted, and so no conclusions can be made as to the efficacy of these instructions.
一些人用这项研究证明，避开加工食品、吃更多天然食品并且在家下厨就能减肥。虽然我希望这是真的——在“结语”(Upshot)专栏有关食物的文章以及最近的一本书中，我都提倡过这种健康的方法——但本次研究并未表现出这一点。虽然所有参与者都得到了这一建议，但并没有未得到该项建议的对照组，因此，不能得出有关这些建议是否有效的结论。
You should be wary of those who tell you that they know what diet is best for you, or that there’s a test out there to tell you the same. Successful diets over the long haul are most likely ones that involve slow and steady changes. The simplest approach — and many have espoused it, including Jane Brody recently here at The Times — is to cut out processed foods, think about the calories you’re drinking, and try not to eat more than you intend to.
如果有些人对你说，他们知道什么样的饮食最适合你，或者有个测试能帮你测出来，对此你要保持警惕。缓慢而稳定的改变才最有可能保证长期节食的成功。最简单的方法是减少食用加工食品，留意你从饮料中摄入了多少卡路里，尽量不要吃得比你打算吃的多。很多人都赞成这种方式，包括最近在时报上发表文章的简.布罗迪(Jane Brody)。
The bottom line is that the best diet for you is still the one you will stick to. No one knows better than you what that diet might be. You’ll most likely have to figure it out for yourself.
最重要的是，最适合你的饮食仍然是你能坚持下去的饮食。没有人比你更清楚你最适合哪种饮食。你很可能需要自己去弄清楚。
声称能帮助你减肥的饮食方式不计其数，它们往往分为两大阵营：低脂或低碳水化合物。
A rigorous recent study sought to settle the debate, and it had results to disappoint both camps.
最近，一项严谨的研究试图解决这场争论。
The study is worth a closer look to see what it did and did not prove.
这项研究值得我们去细究它证明了什么，没有证明什么。
Everyone was followed for a year (which is an eternity for a nutrition study). Everyone was encouraged to maximize vegetable intake; to minimize added sugar, refined flour and trans fat intake; and to focus on whole foods that were minimally processed. The subjects were also encouraged to cook at home as much as possible.
每个实验对象都被追踪了一年（这对营养学研究来说这是很长一段时间）。所有人都被鼓励尽量多摄入蔬菜，少摄入添加糖、精制面粉和反式脂肪酸，并重点食用简单加工的全天然食物。实验对象还被鼓励尽可能在家做饭。
This was a phenomenally well-designed trial.
这是一项设计得极为出色的试验。
People did change their diets according to their group assignment. Those in the low-fat group consumed, on average, 29 percent of their calories from fats, versus 45 percent in the low-carbohydrate group. Those in the low-carbohydrate group consumed 30 percent of their calories from carbohydrates, versus 48 percent in the low-fat group.
人们的确会根据分组改变自己的饮食。低脂组的人消耗的热量平均29%来自脂肪，低碳水组的人45%的热量来自脂肪。低碳水组消耗的热量30%来自碳水化合物，低脂组48%的热量来自碳水化合物。
They did not, however, lose meaningfully different amounts of weight. At 12 months, the low-carbohydrate group had lost, on average, just over 13 pounds, compared with more than 11.5 pounds in the low-fat group. The difference was not statistically significant.
然而，他们的体重减少并没有什么实质性的不同。在12个月时，低碳水组平均只减了13磅多一点，对比低脂组减少了超过11.5磅。该差异没有统计学意义。
Some have taken this study to prove that avoiding processed foods, eating more whole foods, and cooking at home leads to weight loss. While I’d like that to be true — I have advocated this healthful approach in my Upshot article on food recommendations and in a recent book — that’s not what this study showed. Although that advice was given to all participants, there was no control group in which that advice was omitted, and so no conclusions can be made as to the efficacy of these instructions.
一些人用这项研究证明，避开加工食品、吃更多天然食品并且在家下厨就能减肥。虽然我希望这是真的——在“结语”(Upshot)专栏有关食物的文章以及最近的一本书中，我都提倡过这种健康的方法——但本次研究并未表现出这一点。虽然所有参与者都得到了这一建议，但并没有未得到该项建议的对照组，因此，不能得出有关这些建议是否有效的结论。
You should be wary of those who tell you that they know what diet is best for you, or that there’s a test out there to tell you the same. Successful diets over the long haul are most likely ones that involve slow and steady changes. The simplest approach — and many have espoused it, including Jane Brody recently here at The Times — is to cut out processed foods, think about the calories you’re drinking, and try not to eat more than you intend to.
如果有些人对你说，他们知道什么样的饮食最适合你，或者有个测试能帮你测出来，对此你要保持警惕。缓慢而稳定的改变才最有可能保证长期节食的成功。最简单的方法是减少食用加工食品，留意你从饮料中摄入了多少卡路里，尽量不要吃得比你打算吃的多。很多人都赞成这种方式，包括最近在时报上发表文章的简.布罗迪(Jane Brody)。
The bottom line is that the best diet for you is still the one you will stick to. No one knows better than you what that diet might be. You’ll most likely have to figure it out for yourself.
最重要的是，最适合你的饮食仍然是你能坚持下去的饮食。没有人比你更清楚你最适合哪种饮食。你很可能需要自己去弄清楚。