2018/5/11 16:16:00
研究人员：10岁前学英语最好？
There is a critical cut-off age for learning a language fluently, according to research.
If you want to have native-like knowledge of English grammar, for example, you should ideally start before age 10, say the researchers.
研究人员称，如果你想拥有比如说像讲母语者那样好的英语语法，那么最好在10岁前就开始学习。
People remain highly skilled learners until 17 or 18, when ability tails off.
17或18岁之前的人仍然是高技能的学习者，但之后该能力会下降。
The findings, in the journal Cognition, come from an online grammar test taken by nearly 670,000 people of different ages and nationalities. The grammar quiz was posted on Facebook to get enough people to take part.
发表在《认知》期刊的该研究，对近67万名不同年龄和国籍的人进行了在线语法测试。该语法测验在脸书上发布，以便有足够的人参与。
Questions tested if participants could determine whether a sentence written in English, such as: "Yesterday John wanted to won the race," was grammatically correct.
Users were asked their age and how long they had been learning English, and in what setting -- had they moved to an English-speaking country, for example?
用户被问及他们的年龄，他们学习英语的时间以及学习环境 -- 例如，他们是否搬到了讲英语的国家？
About 246,000 of the people who took the test had grown up speaking only English, while the rest were bi- or multilingual.
在参加测试的人中，约有24.6万人只会说英语，其余的人则是双语或多语者。
The most common native languages (excluding English) were Finnish, Turkish, German, Russian and Hungarian.
最常见的母语（不包括英语）是芬兰语，土耳其语，德语，俄语和匈牙利语。
Most of the people who completed the quiz were in their 20s and 30s. The youngest age was about 10 and the oldest late 70s.
大部分完成测验的人都是20多岁和30多岁的人。最小的年龄大约是10岁，而最大的则为70岁。
When the researchers analysed the data using a computer model, the best explanation for the findings was that grammar-learning was strongest in childhood, persists into teenage years and then drops at adulthood.
当研究人员使用计算机模型分析这些数据时，对这些发现的最好解释是语法学习在儿童时期是最强的，持续到青少年时期，然后在成年时期下降。
Learning a language is often said to be easy for children and to get more difficult as we age.
通常认为，学习一门语言对孩子来说很容易，而随着年龄的增长而变得越来越困难。
But late learners can still become proficient, if not seamlessly fluent, say the researchers.
研究人员表示，如果不是十分流畅的话，后期学习者仍然可以精通该语言。
It is unclear what causes the drop in the optimal learning rate seen at about age 18. The researchers suggest it could be because the brain becomes less changeable or adaptable in adulthood.
目前还不清楚是什么导致最佳学习率在18岁左右下降。研究人员认为，这可能是因为大脑在成年期变得不易变化或适应性减弱。
研究发现，流利地掌握一门语言有一个关键的年龄分界点。
If you want to have native-like knowledge of English grammar, for example, you should ideally start before age 10, say the researchers.
研究人员称，如果你想拥有比如说像讲母语者那样好的英语语法，那么最好在10岁前就开始学习。
People remain highly skilled learners until 17 or 18, when ability tails off.
17或18岁之前的人仍然是高技能的学习者，但之后该能力会下降。
The findings, in the journal Cognition, come from an online grammar test taken by nearly 670,000 people of different ages and nationalities. The grammar quiz was posted on Facebook to get enough people to take part.
发表在《认知》期刊的该研究，对近67万名不同年龄和国籍的人进行了在线语法测试。该语法测验在脸书上发布，以便有足够的人参与。
Questions tested if participants could determine whether a sentence written in English, such as: "Yesterday John wanted to won the race," was grammatically correct.
参与者要确定一个以英语写成的句子，例如：“昨天约翰想赢得比赛”的语法是否正确。
Users were asked their age and how long they had been learning English, and in what setting -- had they moved to an English-speaking country, for example?
用户被问及他们的年龄，他们学习英语的时间以及学习环境 -- 例如，他们是否搬到了讲英语的国家？
About 246,000 of the people who took the test had grown up speaking only English, while the rest were bi- or multilingual.
在参加测试的人中，约有24.6万人只会说英语，其余的人则是双语或多语者。
The most common native languages (excluding English) were Finnish, Turkish, German, Russian and Hungarian.
最常见的母语（不包括英语）是芬兰语，土耳其语，德语，俄语和匈牙利语。
Most of the people who completed the quiz were in their 20s and 30s. The youngest age was about 10 and the oldest late 70s.
大部分完成测验的人都是20多岁和30多岁的人。最小的年龄大约是10岁，而最大的则为70岁。
When the researchers analysed the data using a computer model, the best explanation for the findings was that grammar-learning was strongest in childhood, persists into teenage years and then drops at adulthood.
当研究人员使用计算机模型分析这些数据时，对这些发现的最好解释是语法学习在儿童时期是最强的，持续到青少年时期，然后在成年时期下降。
Learning a language is often said to be easy for children and to get more difficult as we age.
通常认为，学习一门语言对孩子来说很容易，而随着年龄的增长而变得越来越困难。
But late learners can still become proficient, if not seamlessly fluent, say the researchers.
研究人员表示，如果不是十分流畅的话，后期学习者仍然可以精通该语言。
It is unclear what causes the drop in the optimal learning rate seen at about age 18. The researchers suggest it could be because the brain becomes less changeable or adaptable in adulthood.
目前还不清楚是什么导致最佳学习率在18岁左右下降。研究人员认为，这可能是因为大脑在成年期变得不易变化或适应性减弱。