法律翻译的概念：法律翻译是翻译中的高端服务，它主要服务律师，外资企业，进出口公司等社会上层群体，质量要求和技术难度都相当高。作为法律语言学主要研究内容之一的法律翻译，包括口译和笔译，在国内、国际社会生活中将起日益重要的作用。法律翻译工作除了对译员及相关的条件提出较高的要求外，还受制于法律语言本身的特点。

法律翻译的要求：

1、准确性：法律翻译对准确性要求是高于其他任何一个专业翻译领域的，没有准确性，就完全失去了翻译的意义，所以准确性是法律翻译的灵魂，也是最基本的要求。

2、公正性：公正性是法律专业人员要遵守的最为基本的原则。法律翻译是法律行业工作的一部分，因此公正性也应是法律翻译的最为基本的原则。

3、专业性：法律翻译的译员一般都是法律行业的从事人员，即便不是业内工作人员，也必须对法律法典有相当程度的认识，才能灵活运用，做到恰如其分地翻译。这一点和财经翻译、医学翻译很类似，专业性相当强。

Know All Men by these presents; undersigned; Now Therefore

释义：

Know All Men by these presents：根据本文件，特此宣布；

undersigned：法律文件末尾的签名者，前面加定冠词the，是指文件签署者的自称；

Now Therefore：特此，因此等。

用法：这个短语一般接whereas之后，为引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，可译成“兹”，“特此”。

例1

Know All Men by these presents that we (bank’s name) having our registered office at ______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto (the Owner’s name) (hereinafter called “the Owner”) in the sum of ________ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, and the Bank will bind itself, its successors and assigns by these presents.

注释：

（1）Know All Men by these presents：根据本文件，特此宣布

（2）registered office：注册办公地点

（3）be bound unto：对……有义务

（4）the Owner：业主

（5）well and truly：确实地

（6）assigns：受让人

（7）by these presents：根据本文件

参考译文：

根据本文件，兹宣布，我行（银行名称），其注册地点在（注册地名）（以下称银行），向（业主名称）（以下称业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对银行及其继承人和受让人均具有约束力。

例2

The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:

注释：

（1）the undersigned Seller and Buyer：签约的买卖双方

（2）to close the following transaction：达成下列交易

参考译文：

兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。

例3

And Whereas we have agreed to give the Contractor such Bank Guarantee; Now Therefore we hereby affirm that we are the Guarantor and responsible to you, on behalf of the Contractor, up to a total of (amount of guarantee) (in words), such sum being payable in types and proportions of currencies in which the Contract is payable, and we undertake to pay you, upon your first written demand and without cavil or argument, any sum or sums within the limits of (amount of guarantee) as aforesaid without your needing to prove or to show grounds or reasons for your demand for the sum specified therein.

注释：

（1）Now Therefore we hereby affirm：我们特此同意

（2）Guarantor：保证人，担保人

（3）amount of guarantee：保证金

（4）in words：用文字书写金额

（5）types and proportions of currencies：货币的种类和比例

（6）written demand：书面要求

（7）without cavil or argument：不挑剔，不争辩

（8）aforesaid：上述的

（9）grounds or reasons：理由，根据（两词为同义词）

参考译文：

本银行（或金融机构）已同意为承包人出具保证函，我们因此同意作为保证人，并代表承包人以支付合同价款所规定的货币种类和比例，向你方担保总额为（大写）的保证金。银行在收到业主第一次书面付款要求后，不挑剔，不争辩地，在上述担保金范围内，即向你方支付（保证金额），你方无须出具证明或陈述提款理由。

例4

Know All Men by these presents that we, the Bank of China having our registered office at Fu Chenmen (hereinafter called the Bank) will be bound unto the Employer, in the Sum of _____for which payment well and truly to be made to the Employer, the Bank binds will bind himself, his successor and assignee by these presents.

注释：

（1）Know All Men by these present that：根据合同文件，兹宣布

（2）The bank binds will bind himself, his successor and assigns by these presents：对银行继承人和受让人均有约束力

参考译文：

根据合同文件，兹宣布，中国银行（注册地点：北京阜成门）（以下简称：“银行”）向业主立约担保支付金额数的担保证金。本保证书对银行继承人和受让人均有约束力。

例5

Now therefore, the conditions of this obligation are such that, if the contractor will promptly and faithfully perform the said contract (including any amendments thereto) then this obligation shall be null and void, otherwise it shall remain in full force and effect.

注释：

（1）now therefore：为此

（2）faithfully perform the said contract：忠实地履行上述合同

（3）including any amendments thereto：包括修改书 thereto: to the contract