英文中的被动语态

英文多用被动态，但是中文却很少用被字句，感觉怪怪的。所以，英中互译时的主被动转换就成了我们不得不get的小技巧。

洛阳在线翻译网站总结了英文被动态顺利翻译成人话的套路。

中文里有些词本身自带被动意义，比如：

It was finished. 这件事已经完成了。

The ceremony was ended. 仪式已经结束了。

The glass was broken. 玻璃碎了。

The difficulties have been overcome, the work has been finished and the problem solved. 困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。

“让”、“给”、“叫”、“挨”、“受”、“遭”、“蒙”、“为”、“经”、“由”、“遇害”也是天生自带被动属性的字眼，在表示发生不好的事情的时候，妥妥地用上：

The village was washed away by the flood. 村庄让洪水冲走了。

This city was devastated by the earthquake. 这座城市在地震中遭到重创。

On the day before he was killed 在他遇害前一天

She is always intoxicated with sweet words.她总是为花言巧语所迷惑。

I was recommended by a professor. 我是由一位教授推荐过来的。

善用“把”字。比如：

The tree was blown down by the wind.风把树刮倒了。

These questions should not be confused.不要把这些问题混在一起。

如果动作发出者并不是重要信息，那么可以尝试用无主句。中文常用无主句，比如：

The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 利用发电机，可以将（把）机械能再变回电能。

Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be manufactured. 要制造飞机，就必须考虑空气阻力问题。

善用这两种句式：“是……的”和“……的是……”，比如：

The speed of wind is expressed in meters by second.风速是用秒米表示的。

I was recommended by a professor. 推荐我的是一位教授。

The first clock with weights and wheels is said to have been invented about the year 1000A.D. 据说，第一座有钟摆和齿轮的钟大约是在公元1000年左右发明的。

用“予以……，加以……”，比如：

But compensation shall be made for malicious damage caused to another person by a trademark registrant. 但是，因商标注册人的恶意给他人造成损失的，应当予以赔偿。

This problem must be dealt with at the appropriate time. 这一问题必须适时予以处理。

用“……过来、……出来”，比如：

I was recommended by a professor. 我是由一位教授推荐过来的。

Another four hundred and fifty years passed before the first watch was made in Germany.又过了450年，第一块表才在德国制造出来。

转换为因果关系。考虑到被动态里涉及动作的发出者和承受者，有时可理解为某种前因后果的关系。因此，可以试着将被动态转换为“因为所以”的表达，比如：

The ceremony was abbreviated by rain.因为下雨，所以仪式提前结束了。

这个思路其实还蛮常见的，比如be driven by, be caused by, be pushed by, be catalyzed by很多时候都是处理成因果关系的所，比如：

The world’s winds are driven in large part by the temperature difference between the poles and the tropics. 世界上的风很大程度上是因两级和热带地区的温差而形成的。

换主语

Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.我宁可死在他们的仇恨中，也不愿意延长这可恨的生命而得不到你的爱。

或根据句意增补“大家”、“有人”、“人们”等比较宽泛的主语，比如：

Voices were heard calling for help.

有人听见呼救的声音。

He has often ,not always justly, been accused of indecisiveness.

人们常指责他优柔寡断，虽然这种指责并不总是公正的。

it is widely known that...众所周知

当然，上述套路尚不足以覆盖所有被动语态的翻译，很多时候也看我们的中文储备，对双语的敏感，需要跳出英文框架，“得意忘形”，比如：

Clocks of that kind could not be carried about from place to place. 这样的钟不便携带。

Last night, I was covered up with two quilts. 昨晚我盖了两条被子。

The ancient civilization ofAtlantis was rediscovered. 亚特兰蒂斯古文明重见天日。

He has been pursued, day by day , and year by year, by a most phenomenal and astonishing luckiness. 日复一日，年复一年，他始终吉星高照，令人惊异不已。