学术著作的翻译要求译文的内容和体例忠实于原文，尤其是正文方面，较长遇见的问题有十个，下面乐文翻译为大家介绍这十个需要注意的问题都包含哪些？

 

  The translation of academic works requires that the content and style of the translated text be faithful to the original text, especially the text. There are ten long-standing problems encountered. What are the ten important questions that need attention?

 

  1.术语翻译

 

  1. terminology translation

 

  专业术语翻译须准确无误，并尽量采用国内通用译法。

 

  The translation of professional terms must be accurate and the common translation method should be adopted as far as possible.

 

  2.人名、地名等专有名词的处理

 

  2. handling of proper nouns such as names, place names, etc.

 

  学术作品与一般文学作品不同，专有名词应按一定规范予以统一，以便于学术传播和交流。

 

  Academic works are different from general literary works, so proper nouns should be unified according to certain norms in order to facilitate academic communication and exchange.

 

  在处理人名翻译时，目前一般使用新华社译名资料组编、商务印书馆出版的姓名译名手册，如《英语姓名译名手册》《德语姓名译名手册》《法语姓名译名手册》。地名则以商务印书馆、中国地图出版社出版的《外国地名译名手册》为准，或者以中国地图出版社最新出版的地图或最新版《辞海》为准。

 

  In dealing with the translation of names, the general use of Xinhua News Agency translation materials compilation, business publication of the name translation manual, such as the English Name Translation Manual, German Name Translation Manual, French Name Translation Manual. Place names are subject to the Manual of Translation of Foreign Place Names published by the Commercial Press and China Map Publishing House, or to the latest map published by China Map Publishing House or the latest edition of Cihai.

 

  3.标点符号的用法

 

  3. usage of punctuation marks

 

  标点符号应根据中文翻译句式和语法作调整，不必完全拘泥于原文。如很多法学著作，作者为严谨起见喜用长句，中文翻译切不可完全照搬，一逗到底。标点书写格式一律按照中文格式。若出现中外文混杂的句子，可以根据具体情况选择标点。

 

  Punctuation should be adjusted according to the Chinese translation of sentence patterns and grammar, without having to rigidly adhere to the original text. For example, in many jurisprudence works, the author prefers to use long sentences for the sake of strictness, and Chinese translation should not be completely copied. Punctuation writing format is in Chinese format. If there are mixed sentences in Chinese and foreign languages, punctuation can be chosen according to the specific circumstances.

 

  4.图表的处理

 

  4. processing of charts and tables

 

  图表中的文字内容一定要完整译出，画面或照片中的特定外文可以不译出。需要提醒译者注意：图表下的出处说明文字，处理方法同注释及参考文献。较复杂的图表，可以与编辑协商由出版社制作，译者译出图表中的文字即可。

 

  The text in the chart must be completely translated, and the specific foreign language in the picture or photograph can not be translated. It is necessary to remind the translator of the source text, processing methods and annotations and references. Complicated charts can be produced by the publishing house in consultation with the editor, and the translator can translate the words in the charts.

 

  5.世纪和年代的用法

 

  5. Usage in thecentury and the ages

 

  建议使用阿拉伯数字表示具体的世纪和年代，如20世纪80年代，不推荐使用“1980年代”。对于年代模糊的说法，正确的用法是：二十世纪六七十年代。错误用法：20世纪六七十年代或20世纪60、70年代。

 

  It is recommended that Arabic numerals be used to represent specific centuries and ages, such as the 1980s, and that the 1980s be not recommended. For the vague term, the correct usage is 60s and 70s twentieth Century. Wrong usage: twentieth Century, 60s and 70s or twentieth Century 60 and 70s.

 

  6.斜体的翻译方法

 

  6. translation of italics

 

  外文著作中常有斜体，表示不同的含义，翻译处理时应该根据不同情况予以处理。如果斜体表示强调，则中文加着重号或者黑体表示；如果斜体属于整段或整句引用，则中文使用区别于正文的字体；如果斜体表示书名或文章名，中文加书名号；如果斜体表示案例名，原则上不译出，如果译出，中文加双引号；如果斜体表示拉丁文或者其他不常用的古文字，中文格式、字体均不变，只需在其翻译后将拉丁文单词放在括号中（使用斜体）。

 

  In foreign language works, italics are often used to denote different meanings, which should be dealt with according to different situations. If the italics indicate emphasis, the Chinese characters are highlighted or bold; if the italics belong to the whole paragraph or the whole sentence reference, the Chinese characters use a font different from the text; if the italics indicate the title of the book or the title of the article, the Chinese characters add the title of the book; if the italics indicate the name of the case, it will not be translated in principle; if translated, the Chinese characters add double quotation marks. If italics denote Latin or other unusual ancient Chinese characters, the Chinese format and font remain unchanged, just put the Latin words in brackets (using italics) after their translation.

 

  7.缩写样式的表示

 

  7. representation of abbreviation style

 

  原文中出现的重要名称，如果带有缩写式，在第一次出现时注明原文全称，同时附上缩写式。如原文提到“Low   Development Countries （LDCs）”时，应译为“欠发达国家”（Low Development Countries，LDCs）。

 

An important name appearing in the original, if abbreviated, is marked with the full name of the original and abbreviated at the first appearance. As the original reference to "Low Development Countries (LDCs)" should be translated as "Low Development Countries (LDCs).

 

  8.原作引文的处理

 

  8. processing of quotations from original works

 

  对于原作中出现的引文，如果出自经典著作，且该经典著作已有通行中译本，原则上按已有中译本译出，但允许译者有所修改和合理调整。引文量较大者，请译者注明出自何种中译本。

 

  For the quotations in the original, if they come from the classic works, and if the classic works have been translated into Chinese, in principle, according to the existing Chinese version, but allow the translator to modify and adjust reasonably. If the number of quotations is large, please translate the Chinese version.

 

  9.冷僻词的处理

 

  9. dealing with obscure words

 

  对于原文一些较为生僻难译的词，建议译者尽量在译文后括注出原文，以便于读者理解。

 

  For some of the more difficult words in the original, the translator is advised to annotate the original as far as possible after the translation so as to facilitate readersunderstanding.

 

  10.边码标注方式

 

  10. side code marking method

 

  这是学术翻译作品所特有的翻译规范，因为学术作品最后往往附有关键词索引或者人名索引，通常这些索引的页码并不根据译文重新制作，而是保留原书页码。

 

  This is the special translation criterion of academic translation works, because academic works often end up with keyword index or person name index, usually these index pages are not reproduced according to the translation, but retain the original book page number.

 

 以上是乐文翻译为大家介绍的关于文学著作翻译需要注意的十个问题，除此之外，索引和参考文献也是大家需要注意的重点，希望小编的总结对大家有所帮助。

 

  The above are the ten questions that Lewen has translated for you about the translation of literary works, in addition, the index and reference literature is also the focus of attention, I hope the summary of the short edition will be helpful to everyone.

 

——选自：乐文翻译

 

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